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Lahaina Banyan Court Park
Lahaina Banyan Court Park is a public park located at the corner of Front Street and Canal Street in the town of Lahaina, Hawaii, which was the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1820 to 1845. The park, also known as Lahaina Courthouse Square and commonly called Banyan Tree Park, contains multiple heritage sites on the Lahaina Historic Trail, and a self-guided walking tour through the Lahaina Historic Districts.〔Kupau 2001; What's New on Maui 2004, SS4〕
The park occupies the site of the Old Lahaina Fort, originally built in 1831. Hoapili, the Royal Governor of Maui, built the fort to protect the town from riotous sailors when Lahaina was used as an anchorage for the North Pacific whaling fleet.〔 After the fort was demolished in 1854, a courthouse was built on the site. A portion of the old Lahaina Fort was reconstructed in 1964. The old Lahaina Courthouse was recognized as a contributing property of the Lahaina Historic District in 1965, and is currently used by the Lahaina Arts Council and the Lahaina Historic Society.
Sheriff William Owen Smith planted an Indian banyan tree in the courtyard square in 1873 to memorialize the 50th anniversary of the first American Protestant mission in Lahaina. The banyan tree has become the largest banyan tree in Hawaii, and one of the largest banyan trees in the United States. Its extensive trunk and aerial root system now covers . The park is managed by the County of Maui and the Lahaina Restoration Foundation.
==Geography==
Lahaina Banyan Court Park is located in the port of Lahaina town on the west side of the Hawaiian island of Maui.〔United States Department of the Interior 1974〕 The park square comprises on the site of the old Lahaina Fort, directly across the street from the Lahaina small boat harbor. It is bounded by Hotel Street to the north, Canal Street to the south, Wharf Street to the west, and Front Street to the east.〔Maui Parks and Recreation 2003; Masudo & Holl 1960〕 Historic sites in the area include the former site of Lahaina's Beach—dredged during the construction of Lahaina's Harbor in 1955,〔Kupau 2001, p. 91〕 the Pioneer Inn and the Keawaiki lighthouse to the north,〔Kupau 2001, p. 38〕 and the campus of King Kamehameha III Elementary School—an archaeological site associated with the ''alii''—to the south.〔Kubota 2000; Klieger as cited in Rockett 2000〕
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